Unique Homes & Land

The Senate passed the financial regulation bill today, which will impact home buyers and lending guidelines.  Chief among the changes impacting consumers is the creation a consumer bureau at the Federal Reserve and the requirement that lenders ensure a borrower is able to repay a home loan by verifying income, employment, and credit history.

MAKING SENSE OF THE STORY

Under the financial regulation bill, at least two categories of mortgages likely will see a dramatic decrease in their availability: interest-only loans and stated-income loans.  Both loan types likely would fall short of the government’s definition of “qualified” mortgages and therefore be avoided by many in the lending community.

Many real estate analysts credit interest-only loans and stated-income loans as contributing factors to the decline of the housing market.  With interest-only loans, borrowers pay none of the loan principal for a fixed period, typically 10 years, after which time they must make higher payments for the remaining 20 years of the loan.  Unlike other loan products, stated-income loans do not require borrowers to verify their actual income.  Only a few lenders continue to offer these loans, and typically only to borrowers with deep cash reserves and large down payments.

The bill also severely limits the industry practice known as “yield spread premiums,” which in many cases incentivized mortgage brokers and loan officers to sell higher-interest loans to borrowers.  The reform bill will no longer allow commissions earned by mortgage brokers and loan officers to be linked to the interest rate, but rather the loan amount.  Once the bill takes effect, the total commission and additional fees charged by lenders and others in the mortgage process will be limited to a maximum of 3 percent of the loan amount, not including the real estate commission.

California Association of Realtors, New York Times.

The Federal Reserve has been purchasing mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac since early last year.  The purchase program has helped maintain low interest rates for borrowers.  As planned, the Fed this week announced it will stop purchasing these securities at the end of this month.  Many analysts anticipate this will result in a slight rise in rates by year’s end.

• Interest rates have hovered at or near historic lows for much of the past 18 months, resulting in lower payments for many borrowers.  With the Fed discontinuing its purchase program, some analysts believe a rise in interest rates could range from 0.25 percent to as much as 1 percent by the end of 2010.
• The federal tax credit for home buyers also is scheduled to end April 30.  The tax credit combined with the expectation interest rates will increase has created a sense of urgency for many home buyers.  In fact, 23 percent of California home buyers purchased a home in 2009 due to the perception that interest rates will rise and they would be priced out of the market, according to C.A.R.’s 2009 Survey of California Home Buyers.

Rising interest rates will have an effect on home buyers.  For example, a qualified couple with a combined pretax income of $100,000 per year and debt obligations (excluding mortgage) of $500 who receive a mortgage rate of 5 percent could qualify for a loan of up to $590,000, assuming a 20 percent down payment.  If the interest rate were to rise to 6 percent, as analysts at Barclays Capital predict, the same couple could only qualify for a mortgage of $540,000.

-California Association of Realtors